Boron carbide bụ kristal ojii nwere luster dara, nke a makwaara dị ka diamond ojii, nke sitere na ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, onye ọ bụla maara nke ọma ihe onwunwe nke boron carbide, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ntinye nke ngwa agha nke mgbọ, n'ihi na ọ nwere njupụta kachasị dị ala n'etiti ihe ndị dị na seramiiki, nwere uru nke modul elastic na elu siri ike, ma nwee ike nweta ezigbo ojiji. nke obere mgbawa iji banye projectiles.Mmetụta nke ike, mgbe ị na-eme ka ibu dị ala dị ka o kwere mee.Ma n'ezie, boron carbide nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na abrasives, refractory material, nuclear industry, aerospace and other fields.
Njirimara nkeboron carbide
N'ihe gbasara ihe anụ ahụ, ike nke boron carbide bụ nanị mgbe diamond na cubic boron nitride, ma ọ ka nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike dị elu na okpomọkụ dị elu, nke a ga-eji dị ka ihe dị mma na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu;njupụta nke boron carbide dị ntakịrị (njupụta usoro iwu bụ naanị 2.52 g / cm3), dị ọkụ karịa ihe seramiiki nkịtị, enwere ike iji ya na mbara ikuku;boron carbide nwere ikike nnabata neutron siri ike, nkwụsi ike dị mma, yana ebe agbaze nke 2450 Celsius, yabụ a na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia.Enwere ike imeziwanye ikike nnabata neutron nke neutron site na ịgbakwunye ihe B;boron carbide ihe nwere kpọmkwem morphology na usoro nwekwara pụrụ iche photoelectric Njirimara;na mgbakwunye, boron carbide nwere ebe na-agbaze dị elu, modul na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye dị ala ma dị mma Uru ndị a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka metallurgy, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, igwe, ikuku ikuku na ụlọ ọrụ agha.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide corrosion na ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ, na-eme ihe agha na-adịghị egbochi mgbọ, mkpanaka nchịkwa na ihe ọkụ ọkụ, wdg.
N'ihe gbasara chemical Njirimara, boron carbide adịghị emeghachi omume na acid, alkalis na ọtụtụ inorganic ogige na ụlọ okpomọkụ, na o siri ike imeghachi omume na oxygen na halogen gas na ụlọ okpomọkụ, na chemical Njirimara ya kwụsiri ike.Na mgbakwunye, boron carbide ntụ ntụ na-arụ ọrụ site na halogen dị ka onye na-agbaji ígwè, na boron na-abanye n'elu ígwè iji mepụta ihe nkiri bride ígwè, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ike dịkwuo elu ma na-eyi nguzogide nke ihe ahụ, na kemịkal ya dị mma.
Anyị niile maara na ọdịdị nke ihe na-ekpebi iji ya eme ihe, ya mere, olee ngwa ndị boron carbide ntụ ntụ nwere arụmọrụ pụtara ìhè?Ndị injinia nke R&D center nkeỤlọ ọrụ UrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd mere nchịkọta ndị a.
Ngwa nkeboron carbide
1. A na-eji boron carbide mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke
Ngwa nke boron carbide dị ka abrasive bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka egweri na polishing nke sapphire.N'ime ihe ndị siri ike, ike nke boron carbide dị mma karịa nke aluminum oxide na silicon carbide, nke abụọ na diamond na cubic boron nitride.Sapphire bụ ihe kacha mma mkpụrụ ihe maka semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 ọkụ na-emitting diodes (LED), nnukwu sekit agbakwunyere SOI na SOS, yana ihe nkiri nanostructure na-arụ ọrụ.Ịdị nro nke elu dị elu nke ukwuu ma ga-adịrịrị nke ọma Ọ dịghị ogo mmebi.N'ihi ike dị elu na ịdị elu nke kristal sapphire (Mohs hardness 9), ọ ewetala nnukwu ihe isi ike na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi.
Site n'echiche nke ihe na-egweri, ihe kachasị mma maka nhazi na igwe kristal sapphire bụ diamond sịntetik, boron carbide, silicon carbide, na silicon dioxide.Ike nke diamond artificial dị oke elu (Mohs hardness 10) mgbe ị na-egweri sapphire wafer, ọ ga-akpụcha elu, na-emetụta ọkụ ọkụ nke wafer, na ọnụahịa dị oke ọnụ;mgbe ịchachara silicon carbide, roughness RA na-adịkarị elu na flatness adịghị mma;Otú ọ dị, siri ike nke silica ezughị ezu (Mohs hardness 7), na ike na-egweri adịghị mma, nke na-ewe oge ma na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ.Ya mere, boron carbide abrasive (Mohs hardness 9.3) aghọwo ihe kachasị mma maka nhazi na ichicha kristal sapphire, ma nwee arụmọrụ dị mma na-egweri akụkụ abụọ nke sapphire wafers na azụ thinning na polishing nke sapphire dabeere LED epitaxial wafers.
Ọ bara uru ịkọwa na mgbe boron carbide dị n'elu 600 Celsius C, a ga-eme ka elu ahụ dị n'ime ihe nkiri B2O3, nke ga-eme ka ọ dị nro ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị mma maka ikpo ọkụ akọrọ na oke okpomọkụ na ngwa abrasive, naanị kwesịrị ekwesị. maka polishing mmiri mmiri Mike.Otú ọ dị, ihe onwunwe a na-egbochi B4C ka ọ bụrụ oxidized n'ihu, na-eme ka ọ nwee uru pụrụ iche na ntinye nke ihe mgbagha.
2. Ngwa na refractory ihe
Boron carbide nwere njirimara nke mgbochi oxidation na oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbagharị n'ụdị dị elu na nke na-enweghị nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mpaghara dị iche iche nke metallurgy, dị ka stovu ígwè na ngwá ụlọ.
Na mkpa nke nchekwa ike na mbelata oriri na ígwè na ígwè ụlọ ọrụ na agbaze nke obere carbon ígwè na ultra-ala carbon ígwè, nnyocha na mmepe nke ala-carbon magnesia-carbon brik (n'ozuzu <8% carbon ọdịnaya) na-arụ ọrụ magburu onwe ya adọtala nlebara anya site na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke brik magnesia-carbon dị ala site n'ịkwalite usoro carbon jikọtara ọnụ, na-ebuli usoro matrix nke brik magnesia-carbon, yana ịgbakwunye antioxidants dị elu.N'ime ha, a na-eji carbon graphitized nke nwere boron carbide ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe yana carbon ojii nke nwere akụkụ graphitized.Black composite ntụ ntụ, eji dị ka carbon isi iyi na antioxidant maka obere-carbon magnesia-carbon brik, enwetawo ezi arụpụtaghị.
Ebe ọ bụ na boron carbide ga-adị nro ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, ọ nwere ike itinye ya n'elu ihe ndị ọzọ.Ọbụlagodi na ngwaahịa ahụ nwere densified, ihe nkiri B2O3 oxide dị n'elu nwere ike mepụta ụfọdụ nchebe ma rụọ ọrụ mgbochi oxidation.N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na kristal columnar nke mmeghachi omume na-ekesa na-ekesa na matrix na oghere nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dịghachi ndụ, a na-ebelata porosity, a na-eme ka ike okpomọkụ dị elu dịkwuo mma, na olu nke kristal na-emepụta na-agbasawanye, nke nwere ike ịgwọ ụda olu. shrinkage ma belata mgbawa.
3. A na-eji ihe mgbochi mgbo eme ihe iji kwalite nchekwa obodo
N'ihi isi ike ya dị elu, ike dị elu, obere ike ndọda kpọmkwem, yana ọkwa dị elu nke nguzogide ballistic, boron carbide dabara na usoro nke ihe mgbochi mgbọ dị arọ.Ọ bụ ihe kacha mma na-egbochi mgbọ maka nchekwa ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ ala, ngwa agha na ahụ mmadụ;ugbu a,Obodo ụfọdụewepụtala nyocha nyocha mgbochi ballistic boron carbide dị ọnụ ala, na-achọ ịkwalite ojiji buru ibu nke boron carbide mgbochi ballistic na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa.
4. Ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia
Carbide boron nwere ngalaba nnabata neutron dị elu yana ụdị ike neutron dị obosara, a na-amatakwa ụwa niile dị ka onye na-anabata neutron kacha mma maka ụlọ ọrụ nuklia.N'ime ha, akụkụ okpomọkụ nke boron-10 isotope dị elu dị ka 347 × 10-24 cm2, nke abụọ na ihe ole na ole dị ka gadolinium, samarium, na cadmium, ma bụrụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ.Na mgbakwunye, boron carbide bara ụba na akụrụngwa, na-eguzogide corrosion, ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ, anaghị emepụta isotopes redioaktivu, ma nwee ume ọkụ nke abụọ dị ala, ya mere a na-eji boron carbide eme ihe dị ka ihe njikwa na ihe nchebe na ihe nrụpụta nuklia.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụlọ ọrụ nuklia, igwe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji usoro nkwụsị bọmbụ boron dị ka usoro nkwụsị nke abụọ.N'ihe banyere ihe mberede, mgbe usoro nkwụsị nke mbụ na-ada, usoro nkwụsị nke abụọ na-eji ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke boron carbide pellets Free ịdaba n'ime ọwa nke ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke reactor core, wdg, iji mechie reactor ma ghọta oyi. mmechi, ebe bọọlụ na-amị amị bụ bọọlụ graphite nwere boron carbide.Isi ọrụ nke boron carbide core na nnukwu okpomọkụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ijikwa ike na nchekwa nke reactor.A na-etinye brik carbon na boron carbide neutron ihe na-amịkọrọ ihe, nke nwere ike ibelata irradiation neutron nke ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe boride maka ndị na-ebugharị nuklia na-agụnyekarị ihe ndị a: boron carbide (ogwe njikwa, mkpanaka nchekwa), boric acid (onye nhazi, coolant), boron ígwè (ogwe njikwa na ihe nchekwa maka mmanụ nuklia na mkpofu nuklia), boron Europium. (isi ihe nsi na-ere ọkụ), wdg.