Site na mgbasawanye na itinye batrị ọhụrụ ume dị ka batrị lithium manganate, ihe ndị dị mma nke dabeere na manganese adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu.Dabere na data dabara adaba, ngalaba nyocha ahịa nke UrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. chịkọtara ọnọdụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ manganese nke China maka ntụnyere ndị ahịa anyị.
1. Manganese ọkọnọ: Ngwunye ọla na-adabere na mbubata, na ikike mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta na-etinye uche nke ukwuu.
1.1 yinye ụlọ ọrụ manganese
Ngwaahịa manganese bara ụba n'ụdị dị iche iche, nke a na-ejikarị emepụta nchara, ma nwee nnukwu ikike n'ichepụta batrị.Ọla manganese na-acha ọcha ọlaọcha, siri ike na kenkuwa.A na-ejikarị ya dị ka deoxidizer, desulfurizer na alloying element na nhazi ígwè.Silicon-manganese alloy, ọkara-obere carbon ferromanganese na elu-carbon ferromanganese bụ isi ngwaahịa nke manganese.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ejikwa manganese na-emepụta ihe ndị dị na ternary cathode na lithium manganate cathode ihe, bụ ebe ngwa ngwa nwere nnukwu ikike maka ọganihu n'ọdịnihu.A na-ejikarị mmanụ manganese eme ihe site na manganese metallurgical na manganese kemịkal.1) Ulo elu: Ngwuputa ọla na mgbakwasa.Ụdị ọla manganese gụnyere manganese oxide ore, manganese carbonate ore, wdg 2) Nhazi nke etiti: Enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ abụọ bụ isi: usoro injinịa kemịkalụ na usoro ọla.A na-edozi ngwaahịa ndị dị ka manganese dioxide, manganese dara, ferromanganese na silicomanganese site na sulfuric acid leaching ma ọ bụ mbelata ọkụ ọkụ eletrik.3) Ngwa ala: Ngwa mgbada na-ekpuchi alloys ígwè, batrị batrị, ihe na-akpali akpali, ọgwụ na ubi ndị ọzọ.
1.2 Manganese ore: A na-etinye akụrụngwa dị elu na mba ofesi, China na-adabere na mbubata.
Ore manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agbakọba na South Africa, China, Australia na Brazil, na mmanụ manganese nke China nwere ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa.Akụ manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ukwuu, ma a na-ekesa ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi.Dabere na data Wind, dị ka nke ọnwa Disemba 2022, ihe nchekwa ọla kọpa manganese nke ụwa bụ ijeri ijeri 1.7, 37.6% nke dị na South Africa, 15.9% na Brazil, 15.9% na Australia, na 8.2% na Ukraine.N'afọ 2022, ihe nchekwa mmanụ manganese nke China ga-abụ nde tọn 280, na-aza 16.5% nke mkpokọta ụwa, ihe nchekwa ya ga-abụkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa.
Ọkwa nke akụ manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ na-adịgasị iche nke ukwuu, yana akụrụngwa ndị dị elu na-etinyekwa na mba ofesi.Ọgaranya ndị nwere manganese (nwere ihe karịrị 30% manganese) na-etinye na South Africa, Gabon, Australia na Brazil.Ọkwa nke manganese ore dị n'etiti 40-50%, na ihe nchekwa ihe karịrị 70% nke ihe nchekwa ụwa.China na Ukraine na-adabere na akụ manganese dị obere.N'ụzọ bụ isi, ọdịnaya manganese n'ozuzu erughị 30%, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka a hazie ya tupu enwee ike iji ya mee ihe.
Ndị na-emepụta ọla manganese kachasị n'ụwa bụ South Africa, Gabon na Australia, ebe China na-enweta 6%.Dị ka ifufe si kwuo, mmepụta mmanụ manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2022 ga-abụ tọn 20 nde, mbelata kwa afọ nke 0.5%, yana ihe ndekọ esenidụt karịa 90%.N'ime ha, mmepụta South Africa, Gabon na Australia bụ nde 7.2, nde 4.6 na nde tọn 3.3 n'otu n'otu.Ihe nrụpụta ọla manganese nke China bụ tọn 990,000.Ọ bụ naanị 5% nke mmepụta ụwa.
Nkesa nke manganese ore na China bụ nke na-ezighi ezi, ọkachasị na Guangxi, Guizhou na ebe ndị ọzọ.Dị ka “Research on China’s Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues” (Ren Hui et al.) si kwuo, ọla manganese nke China na-abụkarị manganese carbonate ore, nwere obere mmanụ manganese oxide na ụdị ọla ndị ọzọ.Dị ka Ministry of Natural Resources si kwuo, akụ akụ manganese nke China na 2022 bụ tọn 280 nde.Mpaghara nwere ihe nchekwa ọla manganese kachasị elu bụ Guangxi, nke nwere nde tọn 120, na-aza 43% nke nchekwa obodo;Guizhou sochiri ya, nke nwere nde tọn 50 nde, na-aza 43% nke ihe nchekwa obodo.18%
Nkwụnye ego manganese nke China dị obere na ọkwa dị ala.Enwere nnukwu ogbunigwe manganese ole na ole na China, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụkwa ọla ndị na-esighị ike.Dị ka “Research on China Manganese ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues” (Ren Hui et al.), Nkezi ọkwa nke manganese ore na China bụ ihe dị ka 22%, nke dị ala ọkwa.Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị mmanụ manganese bara ụba nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba ụwa, na mmanụ ndị na-adịghị ala ala chọrọ A ga-eji ya mee ihe naanị mgbe emechara ọkwa ahụ site na nhazi ịnweta.
Ndabere na mbubata ọla manganese nke China bụ ihe dịka 95%.N'ihi obere ọkwa nke akụ manganese nke China, nnukwu adịghị ọcha, ọnụ ahịa ngwuputa dị elu, yana nchekwa siri ike na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa, mmepụta ọla manganese nke China na-ebelata kwa afọ.Dị ka data sitere na US Geological Survey si kwuo, mmepụta ọla manganese nke China akwụsịla n'ime afọ 10 gara aga.Mmepụta gbadara nke ọma site na 2016 ruo 2018 na 2021. Mmepụta kwa afọ ugbu a bụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 1.China na-adabere kpamkpam na mbubata nke ọla manganese, na ịdabere na mpụga ya karịrị 95% n'ime afọ ise gara aga.Dabere na data Wind, mmepụta mmanụ manganese nke China ga-abụ tọn 990,000 na 2022, ebe mbubata ga-eru nde tọn 29.89, yana ịdabere na mbubata dị elu dị ka 96.8%.
1.3 Electrolytic manganese: China na-akpata 98% nke mmepụta na mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ na-elekwasị anya.
A na-emepụta manganese electrolytic nke China na mpaghara etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ.China si electrolytic manganese mmepụta bụ tumadi lekwasịrị na Ningxia, Guangxi, Hunan na Guizhou, aza 31%, 21%, 20% na 12% karị.Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Steel Industry si kwuo, mmepụta manganese electrolytic nke China na-akpata 98% nke mmepụta manganese electrolytic zuru ụwa ọnụ ma bụrụ nnukwu onye na-emepụta manganese electrolytic n'ụwa.
Industrylọ ọrụ manganese electrolytic nke China etinyela ikike imepụta ya, yana ikike nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese ruru 33% nke mkpokọta mba ahụ.Dabere na Baichuan Yingfu, dị ka nke June 2023, ikike mmepụta manganese electrolytic nke China ruru nde tọn 2.455.The top iri ụlọ ọrụ ndị Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, Southern Manganese Group, Tianxiong Technology, wdg, na a ngụkọta mmepụta ikike nke 1.71 nde tọn, aza maka mba ngụkọta mmepụta ikike 70%.N'ime ha, Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry nwere kwa afọ mmepụta ikike nke 800,000 tọn, aza 33% nke mba ngụkọta mmepụta ike.
Amụma ụlọ ọrụ na ụkọ ọkụ na-emetụta,manganese electrolyticmmepụta agbadala n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site na iwebata ihe mgbaru ọsọ "carbon abụọ" nke China, atumatu nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi aghọwo ihe siri ike, ọganihu nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe abawanyela ngwa ngwa, ewepụla ikike mmepụta azụ azụ, a na-achịkwa ikike mmepụta ọhụrụ, na ihe ndị dị ka ike. mmachi na mpaghara ụfọdụ nwere oke mmepụta, mmepụta na 2021 adaala.Na Julaị 2022, kọmitii pụrụ iche nke Manganese nke China Ferroalloy Industry Association nyere atụmatụ iji belata ma belata mmepụta ihe karịrị 60%.N'afọ 2022, mmepụta manganese electrolytic nke China dara ruo tọn 852,000 (yoy-34.7%).N'October 22, kọmitii na-arụ ọrụ Innovation Manganese Metal Innovation nke China Mining Association tụpụtara ebumnuche nke ịkwụsị mmepụta niile na Jenụwarị 2023 yana 50% nke mmepụta site na February ruo Disemba.Na November 22, Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Kọmitii na-arụ ọrụ nke China Mining Association tụrụ aro na ụlọ ọrụ anyị ga-anọgide na-akwụsịtụ mmepụta na nkwalite, na-ahazi mmepụta na 60% nke mmepụta ike.Anyị na-atụ anya na mmepụta manganese electrolytic agaghị abawanye nke ukwuu na 2023.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arụ ọrụ na-anọgide na gburugburu 50%, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ga-agbanwe nke ukwuu na 2022. N'ịtụle atụmatụ njikọ aka na 2022, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ manganese electrolytic nke China ga-agbanwe nke ukwuu, na nkezi ọnụego ọrụ maka afọ bụ 33.5% .Emere nkwusioru mmepụta na nkwalite n'ime nkeji mbụ nke 2022, ọnụego ọrụ na February na March bụ naanị 7% na 10.5%.Mgbe njikọ aka ahụ mere nzukọ na njedebe nke July, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-ebelata ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụrụ mmepụta, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ na August, September na October bụ ihe na-erughị 30%.
1.4 Manganese dioxide: N'ịbụ nke lithium manganate na-akwali, uto mmepụta na-adị ngwa ngwa na ikike mmepụta na-elekwasị anya.
N'ihi ọchịchọ nke lithium manganate ihe, nke Chinaelectrolytic manganese dioxidemmepụta abawanyela nke ukwuu.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi ọchịchọ maka akụrụngwa lithium manganate, ọchịchọ nke lithium manganate electrolytic manganese dioxide abawanyela nke ukwuu, na mmepụta China abawanyela.Dabere na "Ntụle dị mkpirikpi nke Global Manganese Ore na mmepụta ngwaahịa Manganese nke China na 2020" (Qin Deliang), mmepụta manganese dioxide electrolytic nke China na 2020 bụ tọn 351,000, mmụba kwa afọ nke 14.3%.Na 2022, ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ga-akwụsịtụ mmepụta maka mmezi, na mmepụta nke electrolytic manganese dioxide ga-ada.Dabere na data sitere na Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, mmepụta manganese dioxide electrolytic nke China na 2022 ga-abụ tọn 268,000.
Ike mmepụta manganese dioxide electrolytic nke China gbadoro ụkwụ na Guangxi, Hunan na Guizhou.China bụ onye kacha emepụta manganese dioxide electrolytic n'ụwa.Dị ka Huajing Industrial Research Institute, China si electrolytic manganese dioxide mmepụta ruru ihe dị ka 73% nke zuru ụwa ọnụ mmepụta na 2018. China si electrolytic manganese dioxide mmepụta bụ tumadi lekwasịrị na Guangxi, Hunan na Guizhou, na Guangxi si mmepụta na-aza ajụjụ kasị ukwuu.Dabere na Huajing Industrial Research Institute, mmepụta electrolytic manganese dioxide Guangxi ruru 74.4% nke mmepụta mba na 2020.
1.5 Manganese sulfate: na-erite uru site na ịba ụba batrị na ikike mmepụta ihe
Ihe nrụpụta manganese sulfate nke China bụ ihe dị ka 66% nke mmepụta ụwa, yana ikike nrụpụta gbadoro anya na Guangxi.Dị ka QYResearch si kwuo, China bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na manganese sulfate kachasị n'ụwa.Na 2021, mmepụta manganese sulfate nke China ruru ihe dịka 66% nke mkpokọta ụwa;Ngụkọta ire ahịa manganese sulfate zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2021 bụ ihe dị ka tọn 550,000, nke manganese sulfate ọkwa batrị ruru ihe dịka 41%.Mkpokọta ire ere sulfate manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abụ nde tọn 1.54 na 2027, nke ọkwa batrị manganese sulfate ruru ihe dịka 73%.Dabere na "Ntụle dị mkpirikpi nke Global Manganese Ore na China Manganese Product Production na 2020" (Qin Deliang), mmepụta manganese sulfate nke China na 2020 bụ tọn 479,000, gbadoro anya na Guangxi, na-aza 31.7%.
Dị ka Baichuan Yingfu si kwuo, ikike mmepụta nke manganese sulfate dị elu nke China kwa afọ ga-abụ tọn 500,000 na 2022. Ike mmepụta na-etinye uche, CR3 bụ 60%, na mmepụta bụ 278,000 tọn.A na-atụ anya na ikike mmepụta ọhụrụ ga-abụ tọn 310,000 (Tianyuan Manganese Industry 300,000 ton + Nanhai Chemical 10,000 tọn).
2. Achọ maka manganese: Usoro mmepụta ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa, na ntinye nke manganese nke ihe cathode dabeere na-abawanye.
2.1 Ọchịchọ ọdịnala: 90% bụ ígwè, na-atụ anya ka ọ kwụsie ike
Ụlọ ọrụ nchara na-akpata 90% nke ọchịchọ ala manganese, na ntinye nke batrị lithium-ion na-agbasawanye.Dị ka "IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)" si kwuo, a na-ejikarị mmanụ manganese eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nchara, ihe karịrị 90% nke manganese ore na-eji na mmepụta nke silicon-manganese alloy na manganese ferroalloy, na ihe fọdụrụ manganese ore. a na-ejikarị eme ihe na electrolytic manganese dioxide na manganese sulfate mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.Dị ka Baichuan Yingfu si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị n'okpuru ala nke manganese ore bụ manganese alloys, manganese electrolytic, na ogige manganese.N'ime ha, a na-eji 60% -80% nke manganese ores na-emepụta alloys manganese (maka ígwè na nkedo, wdg), na 20% nke manganese ore na-eji na mmepụta.Electrolytic manganese (eji na-emepụta igwe anaghị agba nchara, alloys, wdg), 5-10% na-eji na-emepụta manganese ogige (eji na-emepụta ternary ihe, magnetik ihe, wdg).
Manganese maka igwe anaghị agba nchara: A na-atụ anya na ọchọrọ ụwa ga-abụ nde tọn 20.66 n'ime afọ 25.Dị ka International Manganese Association si kwuo, a na-eji manganese mee ihe dị ka desulfurizer na ihe mgbakwunye alloy n'ụdị nke elu-carbon, ọkara-carbon ma ọ bụ obere-carbon ígwè-manganese na silicon-manganese n'oge mmepụta nke ígwè crude.Ọ nwere ike igbochi oke oxidation n'oge usoro nnụcha ma zere mgbawa na mgbaji.Ọ na-eme ka ike, ike, ike na nhazi nke ígwè.Ọdịnaya manganese nke ígwè pụrụ iche dị elu karịa nke ígwè carbon.Nkezi ọdịnaya manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara ga-abụ 1.1%.Malite na 2021, National Development and Reform Commission na ngalaba ndị ọzọ ga-arụ ọrụ mbelata mmepụta nchara nke mba, ma ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ mbelata mmepụta ígwè na 2022, na-arụpụta ihe dị ịrịba ama.Site na 2020 ruo 2022, mmepụta nchara nke mba ga-agbada site na ijeri tọn 1.065 ruo ijeri 1.013.A na-atụ anya na n'ọdịnihu China na nchara nchara nke ụwa na-agbanwe agbanwe.
2.2 Ịchọ batrị: ntinye ntinye nke ihe cathode dabere na manganese
A na-ejikarị batrị lithium manganese oxide na ahịa dijitalụ, obere ahịa ike na ahịa ụgbọ ala ndị njem.Ha nwere arụmọrụ nchekwa dị elu yana ọnụ ala dị ala, mana enweghị ike ike na arụmọrụ okirikiri.Dị ka Xinchen Ozi si kwuo, China lithium manganate cathode ihe Mbupu si 2019 ka 2021 bụ 7.5/9.1/102,000 tọn n'otu n'otu, na 66,000 tọn na 2022. Nke a bụ tumadi n'ihi na aku na uba ọdịda na China na 2022 price elu na-aga n'ihu na raw price. ihe onwunwe lithium carbonate.Ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu na atụmanya oriri dị nwayọ.
Manganese maka lithium batrị cathodes: A na-atụ anya na ọchọrọ ụwa ga-abụ tọn 229,000 na 2025, nke ya na tọn 216,000 nke manganese dioxide na tọn 284,000 nke manganese sulfate.A na-ekewa Manganese eji dị ka ihe cathode maka batrị lithium ka ọ bụrụ manganese maka batrị ternary yana manganese maka batrị lithium manganate.Site na uto nke mbupu batrị ternary ike n'ọdịnihu, anyị na-eme atụmatụ na oriri manganese zuru ụwa ọnụ maka batrị ternary ike ga-abawanye site na 61,000 ruo 61,000 na 22-25.tọn mụbara ruo tọn 92,000, na mkpa kwekọrọ na manganese sulfate mụbara site na tọn 186,000 ruo tọn 284,000 (isi iyi manganese nke ihe cathode nke batrị ternary bụ manganese sulfate);N'ịbụ onye na-eto eto na-achọ ụgbọ ala nwere ụkwụ abụọ eletrik, dị ka Xinchen Information na Boshi si kwuo, dị ka atụmanya nkà na ụzụ dị elu si dị, a na-atụ anya na mbupu lithium manganate cathode zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abụ tọn 224,000 n'ime afọ 25, kwekọrọ na oriri manganese nke 136,000 tọn. na manganese dioxide kwekọrọ ekwekọ nke 216,000 tọn (isi iyi manganese nke lithium manganate cathode ihe bụ manganese dioxide).
Isi mmalite manganese nwere uru nke akụ bara ụba, ọnụ ahịa dị ala, na windo voltaji dị elu nke ihe ndị dabeere na manganese.Ka teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na usoro mmepụta ya na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, ụlọ ọrụ batrị dị ka Tesla, BYD, CATL, na Guoxuan High-tech amalitela ibunye ihe cathode dabeere na manganese metụtara ya.Mmepụta.
A na-atụ anya na a ga-eme ka usoro mmepụta nke lithium iron manganese phosphate dị ngwa ngwa.1) Ijikọta uru nke lithium iron phosphate na batrị ternary, ọ nwere ma nchekwa na ike ike.Dị ka Shanghai Nonferrous Network si kwuo, lithium iron manganese phosphate bụ ụdị nkwalite lithium iron phosphate.Ịgbakwunye elementrị manganese nwere ike ịbawanye voltaji batrị.Njupụta ike usoro ya dị 15% dị elu karịa nke lithium iron phosphate, ma nwee nkwụsi ike ihe.Otu tọn ígwè manganese phosphate ọdịnaya lithium manganese bụ 13%.2) Ọganihu nkà na ụzụ: N'ihi mgbakwunye nke manganese element, lithium iron manganese batrị phosphate nwere nsogbu dị ka àgwà adịghị mma na ndụ ndụ nke na-ebelata, nke a pụrụ imeziwanye site na nanotechnology particle, morphology design, ion doping and surface cover.3) Ngwa ngwa nke usoro mmepụta ihe: Ụlọ ọrụ batrị dị ka CATL, China Innovation Aviation, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Sunwoda, wdg niile emepụtala batrị lithium iron manganese phosphate batrị;Ụlọ ọrụ cathode dị ka Defang Nano, Teknụzụ Rongbai, Teknụzụ Dangsheng, wdg. Nhazi nke lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode ihe;Ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala Niu GOVAF0 usoro ụgbọ ala eletrik nwere batrị lithium iron manganese phosphate, NIO amalitela imepụta obere batrị lithium iron manganese phosphate na Hefei, na batrị Fudi nke BYD amalitela ịzụta akụrụngwa phosphate nke lithium iron manganese phosphate: Nlereanya ụlọ nke Tesla 3. na-eji batrị lithium iron phosphate nke CATL ọhụrụ M3P.
Manganese maka lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode: N'okpuru nnọpụiche na nchekwube echiche, a na-atụ anya na ụwa chọrọ lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode ga-abụ tọn 268,000/358,000 n'ime afọ 25, na manganese chọrọ ya bụ 35,000/47.000 ton.
Dị ka amụma Gaogong Lithium Batrị si kwuo, ka ọ na-erule 2025, ọnụ ahịa ntinye ahịa nke lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode ihe ga-akarị 15% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe lithium iron phosphate.Ya mere, na-eche na nnọpụiche na nchekwube ọnọdụ, penetration ọnụego nke lithium iron manganese phosphate na afọ 23-25 bụ otu 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%.Ahịa ụgbọ ala nwere ụkwụ abụọ: Anyị na-atụ anya na batrị lithium iron manganese phosphate ga-eme ka ntinye ngwa ngwa n'ahịa ụgbọ ala nwere ụkwụ abụọ eletrik nke China.A gaghị atụle mba ndị si mba ofesi n'ihi enweghị uche na-efu na nnukwu ike ike chọrọ.A na-atụ anya na n'okpuru ọnọdụ nnọpụiche na nchekwube n'ime afọ 25, lithium iron manganese phosphate ga-achọ kathodes bụ 1.1 / 15,000 tọn, na ihe kwekọrọ na manganese bụ 0.1 / 0.2 nde tọn.Ahịa ụgbọ ala eletrik: N'iche na lithium iron manganese phosphate kpamkpam na-anọchi lithium iron phosphate kpamkpam ma jiri ya na batrị ternary (dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa Rongbai Technology si dị, anyị na-eche na oke doping bụ 10%), a na-atụ anya na na-anọpụ iche na N'okpuru ọnọdụ nchekwube, ọchịchọ nke lithium iron manganese phosphate cathodes bụ tọn 257,000/343,000, na manganese kwekọrọ na ya bụ 33,000/45,000 tọn.
Ugbu a, ọnụ ahịa manganese ore, manganese sulfate, na manganese electrolytic dị n'ọkwa dịtụ ala n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọnụ ahịa manganese dioxide dịkwa n'ọkwa dị elu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.N'afọ 2021, n'ihi njikwa ike ike abụọ na ụkọ ike, otu ahụ akwụsịla mmepụta, inyefe manganese electrolytic ebelatala, ọnụ ahịa ebiliwo nke ukwuu, na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa manganese ore, manganese sulfate, na manganese electrolytic na-ebili.Ka afọ 2022 gachara, ọchịchọ ala ala ebelatala, ọnụ ahịa manganese electrolytic agbadala, ebe ọnụ ahịa manganese dioxide electrolytic agbadala.Maka manganese, manganese sulfate, wdg, n'ihi mmụba na-aga n'ihu na batrị lithium dị ala, ngbanwe ọnụahịa adịghị mkpa.N'ime ogologo oge, ihe a na-achọkarị bụ manganese sulfate na manganese dioxide na batrị.Na-erite uru site na ụbara olu nke ihe cathode dabeere na manganese, a na-atụ anya na etiti ọnụahịa ga-arịgo elu.